Objective
After studying this chapter, you will know the characteristic of organism so
you will be able to differentiate plants from animal, also differentiate plants
from animal, also differentiate between organisms and non-living things based
on the characteristic
Keyword: Organism- Plant – Animal – Non living thing – Move breath – Irritability
– Reproduce – Grow and Develop – Excretion.
Our
environment is surrounded by living things or organism and non living things.
We can differentiate non-living things from organism by means of their
characteristics.
Organism
have specific characteristic, so they can be differentiated from non living,
but the characteristic of organism differ from plant to animal
Based on
the thing above, then this chapter will explain
about
1. Characteristic organism.
2. Characteristic differences of plant and animal.
A.
Collecting
Information About The Characteristic Of Organism
Organism
have specific Characteristic which different them from nonliving
Those characteristic are as follow
1. Can Move.
All of
organism can move. The movement of humans and animal can be easily observed
because their movement are active by changing place, while the movement in
plants is difficult to observe because it is passive and does not involve
change of place. However, the movement in plants can still be seen, for example
a plant with a short stem will gradually grow taller and larger, also the flower
bud will blossom.
2. Need Food.
All of
living organism need foot to produce energy, to grow, replace the broken cells,
and retain their life.
3. Need water.
All of
organism need water to stay alive. The life of human and animal will ben
endangered if their bodies are in lack of water (dehydration). Plant need water
to prevent withering, beside water is also used for the process of
photosynthesis.
4. Need Oxygen to Breathe
All of
organism need oxygen to breathe.
Organism breathe by different methods. Breathing means taking oxygen
from the air to be used inside their body. The oxygen obtained through
respiration is used to produce energy.
To
breath, is requires respiration organs. In monocelluar organisms and animal
which do not have specific respiration organs, the taking of oxygen and
excretion of carbondioxyde is done by all of their body surface.Back boned
animal or vertebrates which live on land breathe by using lungs, while those
living in water commonly breathe with their gills. On plants, the taking of
oxygen is done by the stomata and lenticels.
5. Sensitive to stimulation (Irritability)
All of
organism are sensitive to the change happening around, human and animal have
sense organs as instrument to identify the situation.
In
humans, the eye sense organ is sensitive to light stimulus, the ear is
sensitive to sound stimulus, the nose is sensitive to smell stimulus, the
tongue is sensitive to taste stimulus, whether the staste is sweet, salty,
sour, or bitter.
Plant
have the ability to react to the changes around, for example the end of root
will bend into the ground which contains a lot of nutrient and water sikejut (mimosa pudica) which grows
the direction of light because its sensitive to light.
6. Reproduce
All of
organism have the ability to reproduce to maintain their species
The
reproduce methods of organisms vary. The reproduction process of organisms are
classified into two types, generative ( sexual) and vegetative (asexual).
7. Grow and Develop
All of
organism grow and develop. Do you know the difference between grow develop?
Grow is increasing the body size want without returning to the former size. The
increament of body size happens because of increase of the number of cell that
compose the body and enlargement of the body composing cells.
Grow in
human, for example, can be observed. When a human has just been born (baby),
the length of his body is about 50cm and his weigh is about 3Kg, but sa he
grows older, the body length and weigh also increase. So it the case with
plants, in the beginning, a sprout is about about 1 cm in length, but several
years later the plant will be a tall tree.
8. Excrete Waste Substance.
All
organism excrete substance because the burning of the food substance inside the
body, besides producing energy also produces waste substance. In humans and
animal. The waste substance can be carbon dioxide and water vapour. If waste
substance inside the body is not excreted, then it can toxic to the body. So
the waste substance must be excreted.
The
discharge process of waste substance from inside the body is called excretion.
In low level animal, waste matter is excreted through all of its body surface,
while in high level animal, excretion of waste substance is done by particular
organs.
In
plants, the waste substance is C
which is release to air and taken back for photosynthesis.
9. Need Certain Temperature.
All
organism can Only live in certain temperature which fits their need. Commonly
organism will die in an environment with too high or to low temperature. The
environment with to high or too low temperature. The environment temperature required by organism ranges between
C and
C.
E. Glossary
Characteristic Of Organism
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